Amabhethri ayinhliziyo ethule yomakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, kanye nezimoto zikagesi, futhi izinganekwane mayelana namabhethri sezikhulile eduze kwawo ezingasisizi ukuthi siwanakekele. Cishe kuwo wonke amakhaya ahlala nge-smartphone nsuku zonke, kunezeluleko eziningi ezingqubuzanayo mayelana nokuthi azishaje ebusuku, noma ngabe ukushajwa kokuqala kufanele kube okukhethekile, noma ukushaja okusheshayo "kubulala" ibhethri. Masihlukanise amaqiniso ezinganekwaneni ngezincazelo ezicacile, izincomo ezisebenzayo, kanye nemininingwane yochwepheshe nabakhiqizi.
Kulo mhlahlandlela, uzothola izinqubo ezinweba impilo yebhethri, ubungozi bangempela (kanye nezingozi ezingekho), ukuthi ukushisa nomswakama kuyithinta kanjani impilo yebhethri, nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezishintshayo uma kuziwa kumakhompyutha aphathekayo noma ukushajwa okusheshayo ezimotweni zikagesi. Sizophinde sibuyekeze iwaranti yebhethri, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amandla e-phantom ukudonsa kumashaja, kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe njengendima ye-BMS (uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri) kanye namazinga okushaja asetshenziswa kakhulu. Inhloso: ukuthi ukhokhise ngokuthula kwengqondo nokuqonda.
Izinganekwane ezivamile mayelana nebhethri leselula: yini eyiqiniso nengelona
Ukushaja ifoni yakho ngobusuku "akulishi" ibhethri kumamodeli amanje, Ngoba amashaja kanye nefoni ngokwayo inciphisa ukusebenza kwamanje njengoba isondela ku-100% futhi iyeke ngempumelelo ukushaja uma umjikelezo usuqedile. Lokhu kuvimbela ukushajwa ngokweqile inqobo nje uma ishaja ingeyokuqala noma inesitifiketi futhi isesimweni esihle. Kungase kube khona ukuwohloka okuncane ngenxa yesikhathi esingu-100% nokushisa, kodwa lokhu akusona "isici" esiyinhloko sokuwohloka.
Inkokhelo yokuqala yaphakade iyinganekwane ezuzwe njengefa kubuchwepheshe basendulo, Asikho isidingo sokushiya idivayisi ixhunyiwe amahora angu-6, 12 noma angu-24. amabhethri e-lithium-ion yesimanje kanye ne-lithium polymer inqamule ukushaja lapho ifinyelela umkhawulo. Yisebenzise njengoba iphuma efekthri futhi uyishaje igcwale lapho uyidinga.
Akuphoqelekile ukukhipha ibhethri ku-zero ngaphambi kokushaja, Eqinisweni, ukukhishwa okujulile kubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ebhethri. Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga elinempilo, ngokuvamile eliphakathi kuka-20% no-80%, futhi abanye baze baphakamise u-40% -80% ukuze kuncishiswe i-voltage ephezulu. Ukubhukha umjikelezo ogcwele ngezikhathi ezithile kungasiza ukulinganisa kabusha igeji, hhayi “ukwelapha” ibhethri.
Ukusebenzisa ifoni yakho ngenkathi ishaja akuyilimazi, Nakuba kungase kufudumale futhi kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukushaja ngokugcwele ngoba amanye amandla asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma ibhethri noma ishaja kushisa kakhulu, yehlisa ukusebenzisa kakhulu phakathi neseshini noma uyiyeke iphumule imizuzu embalwa. Ngezesekeli ezisesimweni esihle, ingozi yokujikeleza okufushane noma ukushaqeka iphansi.
Indima yeshaja nezintambo: okwangempela, okuqinisekisiwe futhi kusesimweni esihle
Amashaja oqobo noma izinhlobo eziqinisekisiwe ziwukubheja okuphephile, Njengoba ehlanganisa ukuvikela ngokumelene no-overvoltage, ukushisa ngokweqile, nokulawula ukuxoxisana kwamandla nedivayisi. Ama-adaptha ajwayelekile ekhwalithi ephansi angase angalethi i-voltage ezinzile, ukushisa ngokweqile, noma ahluleke. ukwandisa ingozi yokulimala futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, umlilo.
Amashaja ezinkampani zangaphandle? Yebo, uma bethembekile. ngezitifiketi ezicacile kanye nemininingwane. Ithiphu elisebenzayo ukugwema izesekeli zemvelaphi engaqinisekile noma ezishibhile kakhulu zefoni enenani eliphezulu. Naka amandla kagesi ahambisanayo futhi usebenzise izintambo zisesimweni esihle, ngaphandle kokuxebuka noma izixhumi ezixegayo.
Kuthiwani ngamandla eshaja? Uma usebenzisa ishaja enamandla aphansi kuneyasekuqaleni, ifoni yakho izothatha isikhathi eside ukushaja noma ingase iqale kabusha uma idrayivu yamanje idlula okukhiphayo. Ngamashaja anamandla kakhulu (ama-voltage afanayo ahambisanayo), idivayisi ikhawulela amandla amanje ayidonsayo. Ingozi yangempela ilele kuma-voltage angalungile noma amashaja angavikelekile.
Ukushaja nge-USB kusuka kukhompuyutha kuvumelekile, inqobo nje uma itheku lisesimeni esihle. Amandla atholakalayo ngokuvamile aba ngaphansi kwalawo e-adaptha yodonga, ngakho-ke iseshini izohamba kancane. Uma uhlangabezana nokungazinzi, shintsha izimbobo noma usebenzise ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinikele.
Ukushisa, amakhaza nezindawo: imithetho yokushisa
Ukushisa kuyisitha esikhulu samabhethri, njengoba kusheshisa ukusabela okwehlisa i-electrolyte futhi kunciphise ukuphila kwawo. Gwema ukubeka ifoni yakho endaweni eqondile elangeni, kumarediyetha, noma amakesi agqunywe kakhulu ngenkathi ishaja. Amanye amafoni anqamula ukusebenza noma avale uma edlula umkhawulo wawo wokuphepha okushisayo, uphawu lokuthi adinga ukupholisa.
Ukubanda kakhulu kungathinta ukusebenza ngokushesha, Njengoba ama-ion ehamba kancane, ifoni ingase izwakale ihamba kancane noma ilethe amandla amancane okwesikhashana. Nokho, mayelana nokuguga, ukugcina ibhethri endaweni epholile (hhayi eqandisiwe) kungcono kunokuligcina endaweni efudumele. Ungabeki ifoni yakho efrijini noma esiqandisini: ukujiya kungalimaza izixhumi nama-seals.
Ungakhokhisi ngezingubo zokulala, osofa, noma eduze kwamakhethini, ikakhulukazi uma ishaja noma ikhebuli yonakele. Ekuhlulekeni kwamandla okukodwa, izinto ezivuthayo zingenza isigameko sibe sibi kakhulu. Sebenzisa izindawo eziqinile, ezingashi futhi uhlole ngokubonakalayo izintambo nama-adaptha njalo.
Umswakama, izandla ezimanzi nokuphepha kukagesi
Umswakamo namanzi akubona abalingani abakahle bezinto zikagesi, Futhi kuncane kakhulu izixhumi. Noma ngabe ifoni yakho imelana namanzi, imbobo yokushaja nezinye izixhumi aziklanyelwe ukusebenza uma zimanzi. Gwema ukuphatha ifoni yakho ngezandla ezimanzi futhi ungalokothi uyixhume endaweni kagesi uma imanzi.
Abakhiqizi abanjengo-Apple ne-Xiaomi bayeluleka ngokumelene nokushaja ezindaweni ezinomswakama, njengaseceleni kosinki, obhavu, noma amashawa. Ukwengeza, umswakama ungaphazamisa isikrini esithintwayo, esincike ekusebenzisaneni okunamandla noma okuphikisayo ngeminwe yakho. Uma okokusebenza kuba manzi, yomise kahle ngaphambi kokushaja.
Inkumbulo kumabhethri? Okusebenzayo nalokho okungasasebenzi
"Umphumela wememori" odumile uthinta amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium (NiCd) futhi, ngokwezinga elincane, amabhethri e-NiMH, lapho ukushaja okungaphelele nokukhipha amandla kungabangela ukucwebezela kwangaphakathi nokulahlekelwa amandla. Ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion kanye ne-lithium-polymer, umphumela wenkumbulo awuyona inkinga. Okuyithintayo namuhla ukushisa, amandla kagesi aphezulu okuqinile, nemijikelezo ejulile evamisile.
Ukulinganisa inkomba kungenye into, Futhi lapha, umjikelezo ogcwele wezikhathi ezithile ungasiza isistimu ukuthi ilinganisele kangcono amaphesenti asele. "Ayelapha" i-chemistry yeseli, kodwa ithuthukisa ukufundwa. Ukwenza kanye ngenyanga, uma udinga, kwanele.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Phantom: Ingabe ukushiya ishaja ixhunyiwe kubangela ukuphuma kwamandla?
Ishaja exhunywe ngaphandle kwefoni idla amandla amancane, Yini eyaziwa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-phantom. Endabeni yeshaja yeselula evamile, izindleko ezilinganiselwe zonyaka ziphansi (cishe amasenti ambalwa ngonyaka ngokwezibalo zezinhlangano zabathengi). Noma kunjalo, ukuyikhipha uma ingasebenzi kungcono endaweni ezungezile futhi kunciphisa noma iyiphi ingozi icishe ibe nguziro.
Ingabe ikhona ingozi yomlilo ngokuyishiya ixhunyiwe? Iphansi kakhulu, kodwa ayiziro. Uma ungeke uyisebenzise ishaja isikhashana, kungcono ukuyikhipha lapho uphuma khona. Ukhiye, futhi, ukusebenzisa amashaja asesimweni esihle futhi ugweme izintambo zikagesi ezigcwele kakhulu noma ezilimele.
Iziqinisekiso: ibhethri liyafana
Amabhethri anesikhathi sewaranti esifanayo nesefoni ephathekayo, Futhi ngokuthengwa ngaphakathi kwe-European Union kwamadivayisi kusuka ngomhla ka-1 Januwari 2022, umnqamulajuqu iminyaka emithathu. Isibopho silele endaweni edayisayo. Uma wenqatshelwe ukukhanda ngenxa yewaranti yebhethri "yezinyanga eziyisithupha", khalaza: akulungile.
Ukushaja ngokushesha omakhalekhukhwini: ubungozi bangempela kanye nemikhuba ehamba phambili
Ukushaja okusheshayo kwandisa i-voltage kanye/noma yamanje ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi, kanye namadivayisi esimanje alawula inqubo nge-BMS eqapha izinga lokushisa, ama-voltage nama-currents, ehlisa ijubane lapho isondela ezingeni eliphezulu. Njengoba isetshenziswe kahle futhi inamashaja ahambisanayo, akufanele yehlise kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila.
Ingabe ikhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe? Yebo, Futhi ukushisa kuyasheshisa ukuguga. Ngakho-ke, uma ungajahile, ukushintshanisa nokujima okuvamile kuwumkhuba omuhle. Yisebenzise uma uyidinga ngempela; nsuku zonke, ukuhlala phakathi kuka-20% no-80% nokugwema ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa yikho okusiza kakhulu.
Ukushaja okungenantambo kwengeza ukushisa kwemfucuza, kokubili nge-induction kanye ne-resonance, engakhuphula izinga lokushisa layo yonke iyunithi. Akuyona ingozi empilweni futhi akukona, ngokwayo, kuholele ekufinyezweni okumangalisayo, kodwa ukweqisa isikhathi eside, izikhathi ezishisayo akulungile. Yisebenzisele ukunethezeka, hhayi njengokuphela kwenketho uma ukhathazekile ngokuphila isikhathi eside.
Ukushaja okusheshayo ezimotweni zikagesi: ukuthi kusebenza kanjani kanye nezinganekwane zebhethri
Kuma-EV, ukushaja okusheshayo kusebenzisa i-high-power direct current (DC), Ukusuka ku-50 kW kuya ku-350 kW, okukuvumela ukuthi ubuyise uhla olubalulekile ngemizuzu. I-BMS yemoto ilawula izinga lokushisa nemikhawulo yokuphepha, futhi ishaja nemoto zixoxisana namandla ekuqaleni. Isivinini siyehla kancane kancane njengoba sisondela isivinini esigcwele ukuvikela ibhethri (taper).
Amazinga abalulekile nokuhambisana: I-CHAdeMO (esetshenziswa kakhulu yimikhiqizo yaseJapane), i-CCS (eyamukelwa kabanzi eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, ihlanganisa i-AC/DC), i-Tesla Supercharger (inethiwekhi yobunikazi yamamodeli we-Tesla) kanye ne-GB/T (izinga lesiShayina). Hlola ukuthi i-EV yakho isekela ini ukuze uhlele izitobhi futhi usebenzise amandla atholakalayo.
Inganekwane: "Ukushaja okusheshayo kulimaza ibhethri." Iqiniso liwukuthi yengeza ukucindezeleka okushisayo, kodwa ama-algorithms amanje ayakunciphisa. Uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, umthelela ngokuvamile uba mncane. Izinga lokushisa, imijikelezo ephelele nemikhuba (ukugwema u-0% no-100%) oqhubekayo kwenza umehluko omkhulu.
Uma ukushaja okusheshayo kulungele: uhambo olude lwemigwaqo emikhulu enamahabhu anamandla amakhulu, imisebenzi yasemadolobheni empofu isikhathi eside, izimo eziphuthumayo, noma ngezindiza kanye nenkundla yezomnotho lapho ukutholakala kwezimoto kubaluleke kakhulu. Emizini enama-EV amaningi, ifinyeza amashifu ezindaweni okwabelwana ngazo futhi ithuthukise inzuzo.
Ingabe ayonga amandla amancane? Umehluko osebenzayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokushaja okunensayo kuvamise ukuba mncane futhi kuncike kakhulu kukhwalithi yeshaja ne-BMS. Hlela kusengaphambili ngesistimu yokulawula isimo sezulu esebenza ngebhethri ye-EV futhi ugweme izikhathi ezibuyela emuva uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu.
Amakhompyutha aphathekayo: Axhunyiwe, Imijikelezo, kanye Nesitoreji
Ungakwazi ukusebenza nge-laptop yakho exhunywe njalo ngaphandle kokwesaba "ukulayishwa ngokweqile", Ngoba ukushaja kuzima ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ifinyelela ku-100%. Okufanele ukuqaphele izinga lokushisa: ukushisa kwangaphakathi noma kwe-ambient kwenza impilo yebhethri ibe mfushane. Uma okokusebenza kushisa kakhulu, thuthukisa umoya noma uyikhiphe ukuze wehlise izinga lokushisa.
Ungashiyi ibhethri ku-0% isikhathi eside, ngoba ingangena ekuphumeni okujulile, futhi isifunda sokuvikela singase singakwazi ukuyibuyisela. Uma uphelelwa ibhethri, gcwalisa kabusha ngangokunokwenzeka ngokushesha nje lapho usufinyelela endaweni kagesi. Ukugcina okokusebenza isikhashana, shiya ibhethri cishe ku-40-50% bese uyigcina endaweni epholile.
Imijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha ibalulekile, Futhi ibhethri ngalinye lakhelwe inani elilinganiselwe lemijikelezo (amakhulu kumishini eminingi yesimanje). Ayikho indinganiso eyodwa yokuthi "uyini umjikelezo," kodwa abakhiqizi abafana ne-Apple babala imijikelezo ngokwengxenye baze bafinyelele ku-100%. Uma ubona ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwempilo yebhethri, ukushintsha ibhethri kuyindlela enengqondo futhi engabizi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokushintsha ikhompyutha yakho ephathekayo.
Susa ibhethri uma usebenza uxhumekile? Izincomo ziyahlukahluka kumkhiqizi: abanye bayakusikisela uma uzoxhunywa amahora amaningi futhi nebhethri liyakhipheka; abanye abakubheki njengesidingo. Lokhu akusebenzi kumadivayisi avaliwe. Okuhamba phambili, ngiyagcizelela, ukugcina ukushisa kude.
Ezinye izinganekwane zansuku zonke namathiphu awusizo mayelana nebhethri yefoni yakho
Ukuhlala uphoqa izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zivale akulondolozi ibhethri, Ngoba ukuziqalisa kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni kungasebenzisa amandla amaningi kunokuzishiya zingasebenzi. Yisebenzise kuphela uma uhlelo lokusebenza luba yiqhwa noma lusebenzisa amandla amaningi. Ukuze unwebe impilo yebhethri lakho, yehlisa ukukhanya, qapha izaziso, futhi ukhawulele amasevisi angemuva ngobuhlakani.
Yeka ukukhathazeka ngo-50% njengenombolo yomlingo, Kodwa uyaqonda ukuthi kungani kushiwo: ngamakhemikhali, ukuhlala kude nokweqisa (0% no-100%) kunciphisa ukucindezeleka. Awudingi ukugxila kakhulu noma ulinganise ama-voltages; vele ube nemikhuba ephusile. Uma untula amandla, beka kuqala impilo eshisayo futhi ugweme izimo ezivikela ukushisa kakhulu ngenkathi ushaja.
Mayelana namandla, ukuhambisana nokuphepha, Khumbula: amandla kagesi alungile, izinsiza eziqinisekisiwe, izintambo ezinempilo, namapulaki asesimweni esihle. Uma umugqa wamandla ungathintani kahle noma ungahlangani kahle, shintsha. Futhi uma okuthile kunuka ukushisa noma ukushisa ngendlela engavamile, nqamula futhi uhlole.
Ngezinqubo ezilula ezingcono kakhulu—ukusebenzisa amashaja athembekile, ukugwema ukushisa nezikhathi zokushaja ngokwedlulele, ukuqaphela umswakama, nokushaja ngokushesha lapho kudingeka—unganweba impilo yamabhethri akho ngaphandle kokudela ukunethezeka, kungaba kumakhalekhukhwini wakho, ikhompuyutha ephathekayo, noma imoto kagesi, futhi usebenzise ngokunenzuzo ukumbozwa kwewaranti lapho kusebenza khona. Yabelana ngolwazi ukuze abantu abaningi bazi mayelana nezinganekwane mayelana namabhethri eselula..