Kulowo mongo, kuyasetshenziswa I-MicroG, ukusetshenziswa kwamahhala ezama ukufaka esikhundleni i-Google Play Services kumadivayisi e-Android, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuma-ROM enziwe ngokwezifiso, amafoni angenazo izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Google ezifakiwe ngaphambilini, noma ngisho namamodeli athile avinjelwe kakhulu. Eminyakeni edlule, kuye kwavela izindlela eziningi, amaqhinga, kanye nezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga ukuze kufezwe lokhu, ezinye ziyinkimbinkimbi kanti ezinye zilula kakhulu ngokwezindinganiso zanamuhla.
Iyini ngempela i-MicroG futhi kungani ibaluleke kangaka?
I-MicroG GmsCore iyiqoqo lezingxenye ezama ukuphinda ingxenye enkulu yemisebenzi ye Google Play Services ngaphandle kokuthembela kuphakheji esemthethweni ye-Google. Ngamanye amazwi, isebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwesistimu nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilindele ukuthola lezo zinsizakalo zifakiwe.
I-Los Izinsizakalo ezisemthethweni ze-Google Play zisebenza njengohlaka okuhlanganiswe ngokujulile ohlelweni lwe-Android. Isibonelo, i-Play Store, i-Google Maps, izaziso ezisheshayo ezivela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, indawo ngenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi kanye nemibhoshongo yeselula, ukuvumelanisa ama-akhawunti e-Google, nokunye okuningi kuncike kukho. Ngaphandle kwalolu hlaka, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ziyayeka ukusebenza noma zilahlekelwe ukusebenza kwazo.
I-Android empeleni isekelwe ku-AOSP (i-Android Open Source Project)Leyo codebase ingumthombo ovulekile, kodwa i-Google ibe isinezela izendlalelo zayo zobunikazi, okuhlanganisa ne-Google Play Services. Yingakho amanye amadivayisi e-Android engafaki lutho oluvela ku-Google, njengezingcingo noma imikhiqizo egxile kubumfihlo eye yaba nezinkinga zelayisensi ezimakethe ezithile, njengoba ubona ku-[isixhumanisi semibhalo efanele]. amacala abakhiqizi abathintekile.
Uma sisebenzisa i-AOSP ROM emsulwa noma i-ROM yangokwezifiso engafaki izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Google, Ukufaka iphakheji ye-GApps esemthethweni akulungile ngaso sonke isikhathi.Kukhona abasebenzisi abakhetha ezinye izindlela ezilula, ezinokulawula okwengeziwe noma abanganciki ngqo ku-Google, futhi yilapho kanye i-MicroG ibilokhu ikhiqiza khona indawo.
Umqondo ngemuva kwe-MicroG Kumayelana nokunikeza enye indlela yamahhala ekuvumela ukuthi uqhubeke nokusebenzisa iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amasevisi e-Google Play, kodwa ngezinketho eziningi zokucushwa, ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokulawula okwengeziwe ngalokho okusebenzayo nalokho okungekho ngaphakathi kohlelo.
Indlela izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ngayo
Ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-MicroG, yifake ku-ROM eza nayo yonke i-Google ecosystem efakwe kusengaphambili Kwakucishe kube umdlalo oyingozi. Kwakungadingeki ukufinyelela izimpande kanye nokubuyiselwa ngokwezifiso kuphela, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, kwakudingeka izikripthi ezithile, amaphakheji e-ZIP enziwe ngokwezifiso, noma ngisho nokulungisa ngesandla ukwahlukaniswa kwesistimu.
Isibonelo esivamile kwakuyilabo ababenomakhalekhukhwini we-Xiaomi eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Inhlanganisela yayivame ukuba: i-bootloader evuliwe, i-TWRP efakiwe, kanye ne-ROM esekelwe ku-Xiaomi.eu noma uhlobo oluthile oluseduze ne-ROM yesitoko yaseShayina, kodwa ngentuthuko. Kusukela lapho, uhlelo kwakuwukuthola unjiniyela we-ROM noma umpheki owayengalungisa ifayela le-ZIP elifakekayo, elalizosusa zonke izingxenye ze-Google ohlelweni "ngokubandayo".
Lokho Ifayela le-ZIP elenziwe ngokwezifiso lisebenze ngqo kuhlukaniso lwesistimu futhi kukhishwe amasevisi namalayibrari e-Google ngaphandle kokuqalisa i-Android. Lokhu kwakuhloswe ukugwema izingxabano ngesikhathi sokuqalisa nokuvumela i-MicroG ukuthi ithathe indima eyinhloko njengohlaka lwezinsizakalo, okwakungelula uma i-ROM yayakhelwe ukusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemthethweni ze-Google.
Kwezinye izimo, njengakumamodeli athile e-Huawei, Lokhu kwakuhilela ukuhambisa ngesandla nokubhala phezu kwamafayela kufolda yempande yesistimu.Umqondo kwakuwukubeka izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-MicroG ezindleleni ezifanele futhi nezimvume ezifanele zokuvimbela i-bootloop noma uhlelo ukuthi lungabambeki phakathi nokulayisha. Umkhawulo wephutha wawumncane: ifayela elilodwa elilahlekile bese ifoni ingaphinde iqalise.
Konke lokhu kwakudingeka Ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe lwe-Android, ama-partition, kanye nezimvumeNgaphezu kokuhlolwa okuningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, imizamo eminingana ehlulekile, abasebenzisi abangene kuleli zwe kwakudingeka balungele ukukhanyisa i-ROM kusukela ekuqaleni uma kukhona okungahambi kahle futhi balahlekelwe ukufinyelela kudivayisi yabo okwesikhashana.
Kungani i-MicroG manje isilula ukuyisebenzisa
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Umphakathi we-Android uthuthukise kakhulu izindlela zokuhlanganisa i-MicroG. ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zama-ROM. Amathuluzi kulula ukuwasebenzisa, abathuthukisi baye baqikelela ukwenza izinqubo zibe lula, futhi akusavamile ukudala ama-ZIP enziwe ngokwezifiso kumodeli ngayinye yocingo.
Namuhla, izindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zingahlukaniswa Jabulela izici ze-Google ngenxa ye-MicroG ku-ROM yangokwezifiso noma ohlelweni olungenayo i-GApps. Ngayinye inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, kodwa zonke zabelana ngephuzu elilodwa elibalulekile: kubalulekile ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini.
Futhi, Ama-ROM amaningi esimanje asevele afaka izinketho zokukhubaza noma zokukhipha amasevisi e-Google PlayLokhu kuvula indlela yokuthi i-MicroG izinze ngaphandle kokuphikiswa okukhulu. Kukhona namaphrojekthi ahlanganisa i-MicroG njengejwayelekile, okusindisa umsebenzisi izinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, eminyakeni yamuva nje Izixazululo ezisekelwe kumamojula kanye nezinhlaka zithuthukile (njenge-Xposed noma i-LSPosed), ekuvumela ukuthi ushintshe indlela oziphatha ngayo uhlelo ngaphandle kokushintsha kakhulu ukwahlukaniswa kwesistimu, okunciphisa kancane ingozi yokuphazamisa yonke into ngefayela elikhanyiswe kabi.
Izinketho zamanje zokuthola amasevisi e-Google nge-MicroG
Ngokuvamile, namuhla singaqoqana izindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-MicroG ngamabhulokhi amathathu: kusukela kuma-ROM angenayo i-Google, ukukhetha ama-ROM ahambisana ne-MicroG efakwe kusengaphambili, noma ukusebenzisa amamojula ayihlanganisa ne-ROM yesitoko ecishe ibe ncane.
1. Faka i-ROM engafaki amasevisi e-Google bese ufaka i-MicroG
Inketho yokuqala iqukethe i-flash i-ROM yangokwezifiso ephuma "ihlanzekile" ku-GoogleOkusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinsizakalo ze-Google Play, i-Play Store, noma ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zenkampani. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kuma-ROM amaningi e-AOSP kanye nama-derivatives, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi agxile kubumfihlo noma ukusebenza okulula.
Uma sesinayo i-ROM ngaphandle kwezinsizakalo ze-Google, Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka i-MicroG njengokufaka esikhundleni sayoKuye ngephrojekthi, lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa isifaki esithile, iphakheji elungiselelwe umphakathi, noma ngokulandela imibhalo esemthethweni ye-MicroG, eqondisa umsebenzisi ukuthi asebenzise imisebenzi eyinhloko, izimvume, kanye nokukhwabanisa isiginesha uma kudingeka.
Le ndlela inenzuzo yokuthi Sigwema ukungqubuzana nezinsizakalo zokuqala ze-GoogleNjengoba zingakaze zifakwe kuleyo ROM, indawo iyakwazi ukubikezelwa, amathuba okuba i-bootloop ingasebenzi kahle aphansi, futhi uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, ngokuvamile kwanele ukusula idatha noma ukuphinda ukhanyise i-ROM ngaphandle kokulimaza kakhulu uhlelo.
Vele, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi Akuwona wonke ama-ROM asebenza kahle ngokulinganayo ne-MicroGEzinye zidinga ukulungiswa okuncane, ukuvumela izimvume ezikhethekile, noma ukucushwa okwengeziwe kuzilungiselelo zokuphepha neze-akhawunti. Kunconywa Funda njalo iziqondiso ze-ROM kanye nama-MicroG aleyo divayisi ethile.
2. Sebenzisa ama-ROM asevele ehlanganisa i-MicroG ngokuzenzakalelayo
Okwesibili okunye kuhilela ukubheja kumaphrojekthi ahlanganisa i-MicroG kwi-ROM uqoboIsibonelo esaziwayo yi-/e/ ROM (eOS), eyenzelwe labo abafuna uhlelo oluzimele kakhulu oluvela ku-Google, olunezinsizakalo zabo kanye nokugxila kakhulu kubumfihlo.
Kula ma-ROM, I-MicroG iyingxenye yomklamo wesistimuKusetshenziswe ama-patches adingekayo, ukuhambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene kuhlolwe, futhi ngokuvamile kufakwe i-wizard ukuze kulungiselelwe i-akhawunti, izinsizakalo zendawo, izaziso ze-push, kanye neminye imisebenzi ehlobene.
Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi Umsebenzisi uzisindisa yena yonke inqubo yokuhlanganisa i-MicroG ngesandla.Ngoba i-ROM isivele ikulungele. Mane ulandele imiyalelo yokufaka ye-ROM (ukuvula i-bootloader, ukukhanya okuvela ekubuyiseleni, njll.) futhi, uma uhlelo seluqalile, qedela ukusetha kokuqala.
Ngokuphambene, Kuncane kakhulu indawo yokwenza ngezifiso ezinye izici zangaphakathi ze-MicroG.Njengoba i-ROM ivame ukuza nokucushwa okwenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuvamile, kuseyindlela elula kakhulu nephephile kubasebenzisi abaningi uma idivayisi yabo inenguqulo eqinile yalolu hlobo lwe-ROM.
3. Hlola amamojula e-Xposed/LSPosed ukuze uhlanganise i-MicroG
Indlela yesithathu incike ku- Amamojula asebenzisa izinhlaka ezifana ne-Xposed noma i-LSPosed Ukuvumelanisa uhlelo ku-MicroG ngaphandle kokwakha kabusha ngokuphelele i-ROM noma ukukhanyisa amafayela e-ZIP anamandla ku-partition yesistimu. Lokhu okunye kuhloselwe ikakhulukazi labo abafuna ukugcina i-ROM yesitoko noma i-ROM eseduze nesitoko, kodwa ngaphandle kwezinsizakalo ezisemthethweni ze-Google.
Umqondo ojwayelekile ngukuthi imodyuli isebenza njengomlamuleliUkunika amandla izici ezifana "nokukhwabanisa isiginesha" noma ukuguqulwa kwezingcingo zesistimu yangaphakathi ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza zikholelwe ukuthi zikhuluma ne-Google Play Services kuyilapho, empeleni, zikhuluma ne-MicroG.
Kuyindlela enamandla, kodwa hhayi ngaphandle kwezingoziUdinga ukufaka uhlaka (oluvele lusho ukufinyelela kwezimpande ezimweni eziningi), khetha imojula efanele, uyilungiselele kahle, bese uqondanisa iminwe yakho ukuthi akukho ukungahambisani nesikhumba somkhiqizi, inguqulo ye-Android, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu uqobo.
Umphakathi ngokwawo uxwayisa ngokuthi Amathuba okuthi i-bootloop noma ukwehluleka okukhulu akhonaNgakho-ke, uma usebenzisa le ndlela, kubalulekile ukuba nekhophi yokusekelayo enhle — kungaba ngekhophi yokusekelayo ye-nandroid kusukela ekubuyiseleni noma ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi okusekelayo aphelele — ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuthinta noma yini.
Amathiphu awusizo okwengeza ama-akhawunti e-Google nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza nge-MicroG
Okunye okuvame ukungabaza ukuthi Iyiphi i-akhawunti ye-Google okufanele uyisebenzise lapho usetha i-MicroGOkuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abasebenzisi kubonisa ukuthi, lapho kusetshenziswa kabusha ama-akhawunti amadala kakhulu, ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kungavela ezinhlelweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi ku-YouTube.
Kube nezimo lapho, uma ungena ngemvume i-akhawunti ye-Gmail eyadalwa eminyakeni eminingi edluleI-YouTube yayizoqala ukudlala amavidiyo imizuzwana engama-30 noma engama-60 bese ima ngokuzumayo, ivimbele abasebenzisi ukuthi baqhubeke nokubuka okuqukethwe ngokujwayelekile. Ukushintshela ku-akhawunti entsha kuxazulule inkinga kulaba basebenzisi abafanayo.
Ngakho-ke, isincomo esibanzi kakhulu Dala i-akhawunti ye-Gmail ngqo ukuze isetshenziswe ne-MicroGLokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumasevisi afana ne-YouTube noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezinkinga ngama-akhawunti amadala. Lokhu kusiza ukugwema izingxabano ezingase zivele ngenxa yezinguquko zangaphakathi ze-API, ukuvumelanisa kwangaphambilini, noma izilungiselelo ezizuzwe njengefa eminyakeni edlule.
Kunalokho, Ku-Google Photos, isimo sivame ukuguquguquka kakhudlwana.Abasebenzisi abaningi baphawule ukuthi bangakwazi ukuphatha ama-akhawunti amaningi kusukela kuhlelo lokusebenza. Layisha izithombe kusuka kugalari ziye efwini ngaphandle kokubhekana nezinkinga zokuvimba ezibonwe ku-YouTube. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise i-akhawunti "eyinhloko" enezithombe ezibalulekile kwi-akhawunti yesibili edalwe ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha ngezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Kunoma ikuphi, kunconywa kakhulu hlola isevisi ngayinye kancane kancane.Okokuqala, ngena ngemvume, bese uhlola ukuvumelanisa, izaziso, ukulayishwa kokuqukethwe, njll. Ngale ndlela, uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, kulula ukukhomba ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza noma i-akhawunti ethile ebangela inkinga bese unquma ukuthi kufanelekile yini ukudala iphrofayela entsha noma ukushintsha izilungiselelo ze-MicroG.
Izingozi, ama-bootloop, kanye nokubaluleka kwama-backups
Uma ushintsha ama-ROM, izinsizakalo zesistimu, kanye nezinhlaka, Izingozi azipheli ngokuphelele.Nakuba ukufaka i-MicroG kulula namuhla kunaseminyakeni embalwa edlule, kusengenzeka ukuthi kugcine ku-bootloop noma ngesistimu engazinzile uma ukhanyisa ifayela elingalungile, uhlanganisa izinguqulo ezingahambisani, noma usebenzisa izilungiselelo ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele imiphumela yazo.
Izindaba ezifana nalezo zika Babezama ukuhambisa amafayela e-MicroG ngesandla baye empandeni yesistimu. Lezi zilungiselelo zisebenza njengesixwayiso sokugwema i-bootloop. Iphutha ezimvumeni, indlela ebhalwe kabi, noma ifayela elibhalwe ngaphezulu elingenayo ikhophi yasenqolobaneni lingasho ukuthi kuzodingeka ufake kabusha i-ROM kusukela ekuqaleni, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesikhathi.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala lolu hlobo lokucushwa, into enengqondo okufanele uyenze iwukuba yenza izipele ezigcweleOkungcono kakhulu, kufanele uhlanganise amazinga amabili: isipele sesistimu (nandroid) esivela ekubuyiseleni ngokwezifiso kanye nekhophi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile nedatha, kungaba ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi athile noma ngokuthumela ulwazi olubucayi kakhulu ngesandla.
Kubuye kube lula Funda ngokucophelela iziqondiso ze-ROM, i-MicroG, kanye ne-module esizoyisebenzisa. Idivayisi ngayinye ingaba nezici zayo: kusukela ekuhlukaniseni okuguquguqukayo kuya emikhawulweni eyengeziwe yomkhiqizi noma izinkinga ezaziwayo ngezinguqulo ezithile ze-Android. Ukulindela le mininingwane kungasisindisa ezinhlungwini eziningi.
Ekugcineni, kuyaqondakala ukuthi abanye abasebenzisi, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi bebhekene nezinkinga zokulungiswa okulwa ne-Google, banquma ukuyeka leyo ndlela ngenxa yesikhathi esiningi nomzamo ewudingayoAkuwona wonke umuntu ozimisele ukuflash, ukuhlola, ukubuyisela, nokuphinda inqubo izikhathi eziningana njalo lapho eshintsha amafoni noma ama-ROM.
Iqiniso liwukuthi, ngenxa yamaphrojekthi afana ne-MicroG, kanye nama-ROM ayihlanganisayo, amathuluzi amanje asevele atholakala, Ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo ze-Google kuma-ROM enziwe ngokwezifiso kungcono kakhulu kunasekuqaleni.Kodwa kudinga ulwazi oluphelele, ukukhetha inketho efanelana kahle nephrofayili yethu, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuqaphela izingozi ukuze singaguquli isivivinyo esilula sibe inkinga enkulu.
Labo abanesibindi sokuthatha isinyathelo bazokuthola ku-MicroG Indlela ethakazelisayo kakhulu yokugcina ukuhambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezincike kumasevisi e-Google Playngaphandle kwesidingo sokwamukela ngokugcwele uhlelo olusemthethweni lwe-Google, ngenkathi kugcinwa ibhalansi ethile phakathi kokusebenza, ubumfihlo, kanye nokulawula idivayisi uqobo.
