Eminyakeni yamuva nje sisuke ekuziqhayiseni ngokuba nefoni ephathekayo enekhamera engu-8 noma engu-12 megapixel saya ekuboneni amamodeli akhangisayo izinzwa zama-megapixel angu-108, 200 noma ngaphezuluUmyalezo wokumaketha ucacile: izinombolo eziningi, izithombe ezingcono. Kodwa uma uthatha isithombe ngocingo lwe-12 MP kanye nesinye ngefoni ye-200 MP, ngokuvamile umphumela awuhlukile njengoba ungase ulindele… noma umuntu aze awine ngisho nesinqumo esiphansi.
Uma uzibuza ukuthi Ama-Megapixel kuma-smartphone abaluleke kakhulu Noma uma konke lokhu kuyi-hype nje, hlala ubukele, ngoba sizokuchaza ngokuthula. Uzobona kahle ukuthi amaphi amaphikseli nama-megapixel ayini, ukuthi athinta nini ngempela ikhwalithi yesithombe, ukuthi yiziphi imikhawulo ezingokwenyama ezinazo omakhalekhukhwini, nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha ikhamera yakho elandelayo yeselula.
Ayini amaphikseli nama-megapixel ekhamera?
Iphikseli iyunithi encane kunazo zonke yesithombe sedijithaliIphikseli iyichashazi elincane noma isikwele sombala owodwa, kanye nezinye izigidi, ezakha isithombe esiphelele osibona esikrinini. Konke okubonakala kufoni yakho ephathekayo noma kukhompyutha—izithonjana, umbhalo, izizinda, izithombe, amavidiyo—kwakhiwe ngala machashazi amancane.
Uma usondeza isithombe phezulu kakhulu, kufika isikhathi lapho ungasakwazi ukubona izimo ezichaziwe bese uqala ukuhlukanisa izikwele ezinemibala ezihlukaniswe ngokucacileOkubonayo amaphikseli akha isithombe, isisekelo sanoma yisiphi isithombe sedijithali.
Ezithombeni zedijithali, inani eliphelele lamaphikseli lichaza ukulungiswa kwesithombeIsithombe esenziwe ngamaphikseli ambalwa kakhulu sizobukeka "siqinile," sinemiphetho egobile kanye nemininingwane emincane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthwebula ngezigidi zamaphikseli kungabonisa imininingwane emincane kanye nemigqa ebushelelezi, uma nje ingxenye esele yekhamera isezingeni elifanele.
I-megapixel eyodwa ilingana namaphikseli ayisigidiKuyindlela ewusizo yokugwema ukuthi isithombe sinamaphikseli ayizigidi ezingu-12.000.000 kodwa kunalokho sikhulume ngama-MP angu-12. Uma ikhamera ithatha izithombe ezingama-megapixel angu-12, kusho ukuthi isithombe ngasinye sokugcina sakhiwe ngamaphikseli angaba yizigidi ezingu-12 asatshalaliswa ububanzi nokuphakama kwaso.
Ukuze ukubone ngezinombolo eziqondile, mane uphindaphinde ubukhulu besithombe obubili: isithombe samaphikseli angu-1920 × 1080 (esikubiza ngokuthi i-Full HD resolution) sinokuningi kunalokho Isixazululo esiphelele sama-megapixel angu-2Isithombe samaphikseli angu-6000 × 4000 singaba cishe yi-24 MP. Ngakho-ke, inani le-megapixel aliyona imilingo, ukuphindaphinda okulula.
Ama-megapixel asetshenziswa kanjani ngempela ku-smartphone?
Kufoni ephathekayo, inani lama-megapixel libonisa usayizi omkhulu wezithombe ezingakhiqizwa inzwaUma i-smartphone yakho inekhamera eyinhloko engu-12 MP, kusho ukuthi izithombe zayo zizoba cishe amaphikseli angu-4000 × 3000 (izibalo eziqondile ziyahlukahluka kuye ngefomethi, kodwa lowo ngumqondo ojwayelekile).
Empeleni, ama-megapixel ahunyushwa abe yizinto ezimbili: usayizi wefayela kanye nesisombululo sesithombeIsithombe esingu-50 MP sithatha isikhala esikhulu kakhulu sokugcina kunesithombe esingu-12 MP futhi sivumela osayizi abakhulu bokuphrinta noma ukunqampuna okunesilinganiso esikhulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa imininingwane okuphawulekayo.
Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwefoni ephathekayo—ukuthatha izithombe ukuze uzibuke esikrinini, ukuzabelana ngazo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, noma ukuzithumela nge-WhatsApp— isinqumo esingenangqondo asidingekiIzikrini eziningi azisondeli ngisho nasekusebenziseni i-50, 100, noma 200 MP ekhangiswa abanye abakhiqizi. Eqinisweni, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zinciphisa usayizi wesithombe ngaphambi kokusilayisha.
Lapho ama-megapixel angenza khona umehluko yilapho kukhulunywa khona ukuphrinta ngefomethi enkulu noma ukwenza ukusika okunamandla kakhuluUma ufuna ukufaka iphepha lodonga odongeni ngephosta enkulu noma ukusika imininingwane encane esithombeni bese uyigcina ibukhali, khona-ke ikhamera enesinqumo esiphezulu ingakusiza.
Yingakho amanye amafoni ehlala ku-12, 24 noma 50 MP kodwa aqhubeke nokuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu. I-Apple ibilokhu ibheja nge-12 MP iminyaka eminingi. I-Apple yayisebenzisa ama-iPhone kuyilapho abanye abakhiqizi bememezela izinzwa ezingama-64 noma angu-108 MP, kodwa abantu abaningi baqhathanisa izithombe futhi bakhetha ezakwa-Apple. Akuyona nje inani lama-megapixel elibalulekile.
Ingabe ama-megapixel amaningi asho izithombe ezingcono?
Impendulo emfushane ukuthi Cha, ama-megapixel amaningi awaqinisekisi izithombe ezingconoUkwandisa isinqumo kubonisa kuphela ukuthi ikhamera ithwebula amaphuzu engeziwe, kodwa akusho lutho ngokuthi lawo maphuzu mahle kangakanani noma ukuthi acutshungulwa kanjani ngemva kwalokho.
Umthwebuli wezithombe okhethekile njengo-Iker Morán ukufingqa kafushane lokhu: ama-megapixel Zichaza isithombe kanye nosayizi wefayelaakuyona ikhwalithi yayo yangaphakathi. Isithombe se-100 MP sizoba sikhulu kunese-12 MP, kodwa asisikhangi noma sihlanzekile uma sikhuluma ngomsindo.
Eqinisweni, omakhalekhukhwini abanezinzwa ze-200 MP bahlolwe ukuthi ikhwalithi yesithombe sabo ingakanani. Empeleni, ayizange isebenze kahle kakhulu kunama-smartphone amadala angu-12 MP.Ezimweni eziningi, uma kuqhathaniswa namakhamera ochwepheshe angu-40 noma angu-50 MP, lawa mafoni eselula angu-200 MP awabonakali kahle ngemininingwane yangempela, ububanzi obuguquguqukayo, kanye nokusebenza okuphansi kokukhanya.
Isizathu ukuthi, efonini, isikhala senzwa sincane kakhulu. Uma kwandiswa isinqumo ngaphandle kokukhulisa usayizi obonakalayo wenzwa, kufanele kufakwe isikhala esengeziwe. amaphikseli engeziwe endaweni efanayoLokhu kusho ukuthi iphikseli ngayinye incane, ithola ukukhanya okuncane, futhi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, ikhiqiza umsindo owengeziwe kanye nolwazi olungenalusizo kangako.
Ezithombeni, inani lokukhanya elithathwe yiphuzu ngalinye lenzwa libalulekile. Amaphikseli amakhulu aqoqa ama-photon engeziweZinikeza ukusebenza okungcono ezigcawini ezimnyama, zibonisa imibala ehlanzekile, futhi zibekezelela kangcono ukulungiswa kwangemva kokucutshungulwa. Ama-megapixel amaningi amancane ku-sensor encane angase azwakale emangalisa ebhokisini, kodwa hhayi kakhulu kugalari yezithombe.
Indima yosayizi wesenzwa kanye nosayizi wephikseli ngayinye
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani kungabi ngama-megapixel kuphela, sidinga ukubheka usayizi wesenzwa kanye nosayizi we-photodiode ngayinye (“usayizi wephikseli” odumile olinganiswa ngama-micrometer). Ziyizinto ezilingana nedijithali zefilimu yezithombe yakudala: indawo lapho ukukhanya kubanjwa khona.
Ezimweni ezilinganayo, Inzwa enkulu ivame ukunikeza ikhwalithi yesithombe engconoInendawo enkulu yokuqoqa ukukhanya, ivame ukunikeza ububanzi obushintshashintshayo obungcono—okungukuthi, iphatha kangcono izindawo ezigqamile nezithunzi ezijulile endaweni efanayo— futhi ivumela ukudlala okwengeziwe ngokujula kwensimu.
Uma siqhathanisa amakhamera amabili, elilodwa eline-12 MP esensingizini enkulu kanye nelinye eline-100 MP esensingizini encane kakhulu, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi I-12 MP eyodwa izowina. Ngokuqondene nokubukhali kwangempela, umbala, kanye nokusebenza kwasebusuku, iphikseli ngayinye izoba nkulu ngokomzimba, okuzoyivumela ukuthi iqoqe ukukhanya okwengeziwe futhi ikhiqize isignali ehlanzekile.
Amanye amafoni anezinzwa ezinkulu ngokwezindinganiso zawo, ngamaphikseli angu-1,2 µm, 1,8 µm, noma ngisho no-2,4 µm kwamanye amamodeli athile kakhulu. Leso sibalo, nakuba sincane ephepheni, Lokhu kwenza umehluko omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzwa ezinamaphikseli angu-0,6 µm.lapho ikhamera kufanele ilwe kanzima nomsindo we-elekthronikhi futhi ithembele ekucutshungulweni okunamandla.
Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani ifoni esezingeni eliphezulu ene-48 noma i-50 MP "kuphela" inganikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu kunefoni esezingeni eliphansi enezinombolo ezimangalisayo ezicacisweni zayo zobuchwepheshe. Usayizi wesenzwa, ukukhanya, kanye nokucubungula konke kubiza imali.Futhi efonini ephathekayo eshibhile ngokuvamile akukho sabelomali salokho konke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mangaki ama-megapixel akhangiswayo.
Ukufakwa kwe-Pixel binning: kungani ifoni yakho engu-200MP ithatha izithombe ezingu-12MP
Ukuze banciphise ukulinganiselwa kwezinzwa ezincane kanye nosayizi wephikseli oncishisiwe, abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi ukubhebhetheka kwe-pixelNgokuyisisekelo, amaphikseli amaningana angokoqobo aqoqwa abe "iphikseli enkulu" eyodwa lapho kukhiqizwa isithombe sokugcina.
Empeleni, le ndlela ihlanganisa ulwazi oluvela, isibonelo, Amaphikseli angu-4, 9 noma angu-16 aseduze kowodwa. Umphumela uba isithombe sokugcina sesisombululo esiphansi (12, 16, 20 MP, njll.) kodwa ngokukhanya okukhulu nomsindo omncane, njengoba idatha yokukhanya eqoqwe kuleyo ndawo yenzwa ihlanganiswa ndawonye.
Yingakho kuvame kakhulu ukuthi ifoni ephathekayo ikhangiswe ngokuthi ine-108 noma i-200 MP Khiqiza izithombe ezingu-12 noma ezingu-20 MP ngokuzenzakalelayoUkuze uthwebule ngesisombululo esiphezulu, ngokuvamile kufanele ufake izindlela zemenyu ezithuthukisiwe, ngokuvamile ezifihliwe, futhi umenzi ngokwakhe akancomi ukuzisebenzisa njalo.
Iyini inzuzo yokuba nama-megapixel amaningi kangaka uma egcina "encishisiwe" ngokubhinca amaphikseli? Ngokwethiyori, leli su livumela ukudlala ngemihlaba emibiliIsixazululo esiphezulu uma ukukhanya kuhle kakhulu futhi udinga imininingwane eyeqisayo, kanye nesisombululo esincane kodwa ikhwalithi ethe xaxa ngokuhlela amaphikseli lapho izimo ziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ekugcineni, iningi labasebenzisi alidingi futhi alifuni amafayela angu-40, 60 noma 80 MB ngesithombe ngasinye. Izithombe ezinesisombululo esimaphakathi zilawuleka kalulaZilayishwa efwini ngokushesha, zithatha isikhala esincane, futhi zisenokucaca okuningi kokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
Umkhawulo ongokomzimba: i-optics, i-diffraction kanye nokucubungula
Ngaphandle kwenzwa, kukhona esinye isivakashi esibalulekile kuleli phathi: amalensi ekhamera yefoni ephathekayoAmamojula okukhanya ku-smartphone mancane kakhulu futhi anemikhawulo ecacile yomzimba. Ngisho noma usebenzisa inzwa engu-400 MP, uma ilensi ingakwazi ukuxazulula imininingwane engaka, amaningi alawo maphikseli engeziwe ayalahleka.
I-optical physics ichaza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umkhawulo wokuphambukaIphuzu elingaphezu kwalokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhulisa kangakanani isinqumo sezinzwa, ukucaca kwesithombe akusathuthuki ngokuphawulekayo. Ezinhlelweni zokukhanya ezincane njengalezo ezikufoni ephathekayo, lo mkhawulo ufinyelelwa ngokushesha kunalokho iminyango yokumaketha engathanda.
Kudingeka futhi sicabangele ubunzima obubekwa yiprosesa yefoni phatha amafayela amakhulu okuxazululaUkwanda ngakunye kwama-megapixel kwandisa umsebenzi wama-algorithms okugxila, ukunciphisa umsindo, i-HDR, imodi yasebusuku, njll., futhi lokho kusho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amaningi, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa okwengeziwe, kanye nezidingo ezinkulu kwimemori.
I-shot ye-200MP RAW ingaba nesisindo esiphakathi kuka-40 no-80MB. Uma uthatha izithombe eziningana ezinjalo ngokushesha, Ibhethri liyayizwa futhi isitoreji sangaphakathi siyanyamalala ngokushesha.Yingakho omakhalekhukhwini abaningi benciphisa ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwalezi zindlela futhi batusa ukuzibhukha ezimweni ezithile kakhulu.
Konke lokhu kuholela kulokho ochwepheshe abaningi abakubiza ngokuthi "indawo emnandi" yesisombululo seselula: ngokusetshenziswa okuningi, Ama-megapixel asebenzayo aphakathi kuka-12 no-50 aneleUkushintshela ezinqumweni eziphakeme kunikeza izinzuzo kuphela ezimweni ezithile nezifanele.
Ezinye izinto ezibalulekile kwikhwalithi yezithombe zefoni ephathekayo
Nakuba ama-megapixel enquma usayizi wesithombe, ikhwalithi yokugcina incike enhlanganisela yezici. i-optics, inzwa, i-aperture, ukuzinza, kanye nesofthiweAkusizi kakhulu ukuzigqaja ngokuzimisela uma ezinye izithako zingekho.
Ingxenye yokuqala okufanele uyiqaphele yile ikhwalithi yelensiIlensi enokulungiswa okuhle kokukhanya igwema ukuphambuka, ukuphambuka kwe-chromatic, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukucija emaphethelweni. Ukuvulwa okuphezulu, okukhonjiswa yinombolo ejwayelekile ye-f, kunquma ukuthi kungangena ukukhanya okungakanani: uma inani liphansi (f/1.5, f/1.8…), uhlelo lusebenza kangcono ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi.
Ukuvulwa kusebenza ngendlela ephambene nalokho okucatshangwa ngezinye izikhathi: Inombolo encane ka-f ikhombisa imbobo enkulu.Isibonelo, ilensi ye-f/1.5 ivumela ukukhanya okuningi kakhulu kunelensi ye-f/4.9. Empeleni, lokhu kuholela ezithombeni ezikhanyayo, umsindo omncane, kanye namathuba amaningi okudala ngokufiphala kwangemuva.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuba khona kwe ukuzinza kwesithombeKungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-optical (OIS) noma i-electronic (EIS), ukuzinza kunciphisa umphumela wokudlidliza okuncane lapho kudutshulwa, okuyinto evame kakhulu lapho ubamba ifoni ngesandla, futhi ibalulekile ezigcawini zasebusuku noma lapho usebenzisa i-zoom, lapho noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kwandiswa khona.
Namuhla, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye enkulu yomphumela wokugcina incike ku- isofthiwe yokucubungula kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa lokho kungemuva kwekhamera. Uma uthatha isithombe, ifoni ayigcini nje ngokugcina lokho "okubonwa" yinzwa; yenza izinguquko eziningi ngama-millisecond: ukulungisa umbala, ukwandisa ukugqama, ukuthuthukisa ububanzi obuguqukayo, ukunciphisa umsindo, ngisho nokubona izigcawu.
I-HDR, imodi yasebusuku kanye neminye imilingo yokucubungula
Phakathi kwezici ezivelele zesofthiwe yezithombe yamanje kukhona I-HDR (i-High Dynamic Range) noma ububanzi obuphezulu obuguquguqukayo. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukuthwebula izithombe eziningana zohlaka olufanayo ngokuvezwa okuhlukile—ezinye zikhanya kakhulu, ezinye zimnyama kakhulu—futhi zihlanganiswe zibe isithombe esisodwa.
Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zithombe, ifoni ephathekayo iyakwazi thola imininingwane kokubili emthunzini nasezindaweni eziveleleukugwema isibhakabhaka esipheshukile noma izindawo ezimnyama ngokuphelele. Umphumela, uma usetshenziswa kahle, uba isithombe esilinganiselayo nesijabulisayo, esiwusizo kakhulu ku izigcawu ezikhanyiswe ngemuva noma ngomehluko omkhulu ekukhanyeni.
Kwenzeka okufanayo nge- imodi yasebusuku nezinye izindlela zokubalaUcingo luthatha izithombe eziningi ngezilungiselelo ezahlukene, luzivumelanisa ukuze lulungise ukunyakaza, futhi luzihlanganise ukuze luthuthukise izinga lemininingwane, lunciphise umsindo, futhi lukhiphe ulwazi esasingaluboni ngamehlo enyama.
Le "magic" yesofthiwe ichaza ukuthi kungani imikhiqizo efana ne-Apple, i-Huawei, i-Samsung, noma amanye amamodeli e-Xiaomi ne-Oppo ephumelela ukwenza lokhu. izithombe ezinhle kakhulu ngisho noma kungekho njalo inani eliphezulu lama-megapixelBatshale iminyaka eminingi ekuphuculeni ama-algorithms, futhi lokhu kubonakala kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumaselula ashibhile, ukucubungula okunamandla ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ngokweqile ukuze kulungiswe. ukulinganiselwa ngokomzimba kwenzwa kanye nelensiUmphumela ungaba imibala engenangqondo, ukugqama okweqile, noma ukuthungwa okubonakala kupendwe. Futhi, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kungani kungafanele ukuthembela kuphela enombolweni ye-MP.
Zingaki ama-megapixel owadingayo kuye ngokuthi usebenzisa ini?
Umbuzo omkhulu osebenzayo uthi: Mangaki ama-megapixel anele ifoni ephathekayo? Impendulo ayixhomekile kakhulu enanini eliqondile kodwa incike kakhulu kulokho ozokwenza ngezithombe zakho nsuku zonke.
Uma ukusetshenziswa kwakho okuyinhloko yabelana ngezithombe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, zibuke kufoni yakho ephathekayo noma kukhompyutha Futhi uma uzokwenza ikhophi yephepha evamile ngezikhathi ezithile, ikhamera engu-12-20 MP izokwanela kakhulu. Izikrini eziningi namapulatifomu akhulisa usayizi wezithombe, ngakho ngeke uzuze ekuxazululweni okuphezulu kakhulu.
Uma uvame nciphisa izithombe kakhulu noma uziphrinte ngefomethi enkulu (Isibonelo, ngobukhulu bezithombe), kungaba nengqondo ukukhetha izinzwa ezingama-24, 48, noma 50 MP. Uma isinqumo sokuqala siphezulu, kulapho usika khona okuningi ngaphandle kokubonakala kwe-pixelation noma isithombe "esithambile".
Ezithombeni zobungcweti—imfashini, umkhiqizo, indawo, ukukhangisa—izinqumo eziphakeme ziyaziswa ngoba zivumela khipha ozimele abahlukene esithombeni esifanayo noma ukwenza amaphrinta amakhulu ngenkathi kugcinwa ubukhali. Kodwa lokho akuyona indlela evamile yokusebenzisa abasebenzisi abaningi abathwebula kuphela ngamaselula abo.
Kufanele futhi ukubheke lokho Ama-megapixel amaningi asho amafayela amakhuluLezi zithombe zithatha inkumbulo eningi, zithatha isikhathi eside ukudlulisa, futhi zidinga amandla amaningi okucubungula ukuze zihlelwe. Uma izithombe zizocindezelwa kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu, okunye kwalokhu kulungiswa okwengeziwe kuyalahleka.
Ngokwezinto ezingokoqobo: kubantu abaningi, ifoni ephathekayo ene-optics enhle, inzwa efanelekile, kanye ne-MP ephakathi kuka-12 no-50 isetshenziswe kahle. Inikeza ibhalansi enhle kakhulu phakathi kwekhwalithi, ukuguquguquka, kanye nosayizi wefayela.Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingena endaweni yokucabanga noma ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kakhulu.
Konke lokhu kuholela emcabangweni okufanele ushiswe enkumbulweni yakho: Ama-Megapixel anquma usayizi wesithombe, hhayi ikhwalithi yaso.. Uma ukhetha ikhamera ye-smartphone yakho elandelayoKuhle ukubheka isinqumo, yebo, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, naka usayizi wesenzwa, i-aperture, ukuba khona kokuzinza kwesithombe, kanye, uma kungenzeka, izibonelo zangempela zezithombe ezithathwe ngalolo hlobo. Yilapho ubona khona ngempela ukuthi yimaphi amafoni alinganiswe kahle futhi athembele kuphela kumininingwane emangalisayo.
